Fuel Injector
2021 Toyota Camry · 2.5L I4 Hybrid
Sensor Type
inductive
Waveform Type
pulse-width
Location
Port fuel injectors in intake manifold runner, side of cylinder head
Pins
2-pin connector
Idle Frequency
16.7 Hz
Timebase
5ms/div
Voltage Scale
20V/div
Trigger
6V, falling edge
Wiring
Red or Pink (12V power from EFI relay), individual ECM control wires vary by cylinder position
Expected Voltage Range
At Idle
-80V to 65V
At Higher RPM
-90V to 70V
Expected Pattern
12V supply drops to ground during injection, inductive kick to 60-70V at close, negative spike -70 to -90V at opening
Known-Good Waveform
Injector waveform shows 12V baseline dropping sharply to near 0V when ECM grounds the circuit. Opening shows negative inductive spike of -70 to -90V for approximately 0.2ms. Pulse width at idle is typically 2.5-3.5ms. At end of injection, positive inductive kick to 60-70V as magnetic field collapses, then clean return to 12V baseline with minimal oscillation.
Common Failure Patterns
Slow voltage drop at opening, reduced or absent negative spike, rounded transitions
Cause: High resistance in injector coil windings or connector corrosion, failing injector solenoid
Excessive oscillation or ringing after closing spike, irregular pulse width
Cause: Shorted turns in injector coil or intermittent internal connection
Diagnostic Tips
Hybrid system uses electric fuel pump that cycles on/off with engine operation; verify fuel pressure before condemning injector pulse width. Compare all four injectors simultaneously to identify outliers. Port injection system prone to carbon buildup requiring periodic cleaning.
Related Diagnostic Trouble Codes
P0200P0201P0202P0203P0204
Always confirm waveform data with your vehicle's OEM service manual before diagnosing.
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